The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci), often abbreviated as COTS, is a striking marine creature found throughout the Indo-Pacific region. While its vibrant appearance may captivate divers and snorkelers, this starfish harbors a hidden danger beneath its spiny exterior. Understanding the risks associated with the crown-of-thorns starfish is essential for anyone exploring coral reefs in areas like the Andaman Sea.
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A Closer Look at the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish
Named for its venomous thorn-like spines that resemble the biblical crown of thorns, the crown-of-thorns starfish is one of the largest starfish species, reaching up to 1 meter in diameter. It preys on hard coral polyps, feeding by extruding its stomach over coral surfaces and releasing digestive enzymes to absorb nutrients. This feeding behavior can lead to significant coral loss, making the species a notable threat to reef ecosystems.
Venomous Spines: A Threat to Humans
The crown-of-thorns starfish is covered in sharp spines that can penetrate human skin, even through wetsuits. These spines contain venomous substances, including saponins and plancitoxins, which can cause immediate and severe pain upon contact. Symptoms of envenomation may include:
- Intense localized pain
- Swelling and redness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headaches and dizziness
- In rare cases, anaphylactic shock
A documented case reported a fatal anaphylactic reaction following a sting, highlighting the potential severity of such encounters.
First Aid and Treatment
If stung by a crown-of-thorns starfish, immediate first aid is crucial:
- Immerse the affected area in hot water (as hot as tolerable) for 30 to 90 minutes to alleviate pain.
- Carefully remove any visible spines using tweezers.
- Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water, followed by rinsing with fresh water.
- Avoid sealing the wound with tape or airtight dressings.
- Seek medical attention promptly, especially if symptoms worsen or signs of systemic reactions occur.
Preventive Measures for Divers
To minimize the risk of injury:
- Maintain a safe distance from all marine life, including starfish.
- Avoid touching or handling unfamiliar sea creatures.
- Wear protective footwear and wetsuits when exploring reef areas.
- Be vigilant when placing hands or feet on the ocean floor.
Conclusion
While the crown-of-thorns starfish plays a role in the marine ecosystem, its venomous spines pose a significant risk to humans. Awareness and caution are key when diving or snorkeling in regions where this starfish is prevalent. By respecting marine life and adhering to safety guidelines, divers can enjoy the underwater world while minimizing potential hazards.
Note: This blog post is brought to you by Love Andaman, your trusted partner for safe and unforgettable diving experiences in the Andaman Sea.
